女性意识重绘的文学疆域-女性意识重绘的文学疆域-兰心-网络文艺课-爱读网

女性意识重绘的文学疆域

作者：兰心更新：2017-11-19 21:08 字数：1983

    Feminist Writing in Remapping the Territory of Literature

    Speech given by Lan Xin， at The Second Workshop on World-the Territory Rewritten by Literature

    at Beijing Normal University，17,11,2017

    看到今天的主题，我想起了德国思想家卡尔•雅斯贝尔斯在《历史的起源与目标》一书中提到的“轴心时代”。即公元前800年至公元前200年间，在中国、西方和印度等地同时诞生了影响世人的先哲比如，我国出现了孔子、孟子、荀子、老子等思想家，而西方有苏格拉底、柏拉图、亚里士多德等哲学家，古印度有释迦摩尼。这些世界不同疆域的智者和觉者，几乎在同一时代存在，影响着各自疆域的文明，却因为那个时代没有能互通的载体而没有交汇。

    Respected teachers, friends, ladies and gentlemen:

    Today's topic brings me to the concept of Axial Age, introduced by German philosopher  Karl Jaspers in his book  The Origin and Goal of History, published in 1949,  characterizing the period of ancient history from about the 8th to the 3rd century BC.According to Jaspers, new ways of thinking appeared in  India (Sankymuni), China (Confucius, Mencius, Laotze) and the Greco-Roman world (Aristotle, Plato, Socrates) which ran the gamut of all possibilities  in religion and philosophy. These representative figures emerge almost in a striking parallel development, without any obvious direct cultural contact between all of the participating Eurasian cultures.

    后来，随着时代的发展，文明的进步，是“文学”重绘了世界各国的疆域，让优秀的历史文明和文学作品得以交汇与流传。也因此，我从小有幸读到这些经典的世界名著，是它们为我打开了看世界的窗口，丰润了我的成长，滋养我的内心和精神世界。在我成长中的世界，是文学绘制的疆域。

    Jaspers deems the pre-Jesus 500 hundred years as of pivotal importance and the first crop of Eurasian sages harvested, at the fountainhead of human culture, Incidentally they were mapping for the first time the territory of literature. We are indeed lucky descendants of these sages and thinkers as we are meant to be civilized and mentally enriched fed upon their writings and teachings.

    在众多名著中，对我影响最大的是英国作家夏洛蒂•勃朗特的《简爱》。女主人公简爱敢于反抗压迫和社会偏见，努力争取独立、自由、平等和真爱，为追求幸福生活而顽强斗争，宣告了女性自我意识的觉醒。这部作品在全世界的传播，也唤起了各国读者 “女性意识”的觉醒，我也深受其影响。

    Among the host of world classics that has been my spiritual guide in life and in writing, ,Jane Eyre, a novel by English writer Charlotte Brontë has been pre-eminent. The book follows the emotions and experiences of its eponymous heroine,from her adolescence to womanhood and her love for Mr. Rochester. What engages my lifelong attention is the awakening of the heroine's sense of femininity in the evolution of her moral and spiritual sensibility in the teeth of prevalent social prejudices of a male dominated society.

    包括《傲慢与偏见》《乱世佳人》《荆棘鸟》这些名著中的女性意识也在不同时代影响着全世界的读者。而在中国，自五四运动以来，由于中国自身社会历史条件的变化，也因为美国和欧洲妇女解放运动的影响，现代意义上的中国女性文学从男性本位文化中崛起。

    Justifiably a novel ahead of its time ,given the strong willed character of Jane and the novel's exploration of  proto-feminism, Emily Bronte breaks the ice in the feminist genre for the wide reception of Pride and Prejudice, Gone with the winds, The Thorn Bird, among others that follow in the coming century. I should emphasize individualistic heroines such as Jane Eyre and Scarlett,  "Meggie" Cleary have been powerful icons in triggering social changes in male chauvinistic cultures such as China and other similar gender repressive societies .May 4th Movement in 1919 has been proven a watershed for culture and literature alike, old and new, and the truly feminine literature in China in particular.

    随着女性意识的不断觉醒，中国诸多作家尤其以女作家为典型，先后涌出了一批女性意识觉醒的作家，比如，冰心、庐隐、凌叔华、丁玲、王安忆、铁凝等，她们站在女性的立场，审视女性的身心发展，并以文学为媒介，促进女性在精神上与时代的沟通。与此同时，中国文学作品中的女性话语意识也在同步觉醒与重建。

    The first wave of feminist awareness has seen emergence of China's Emily Bronte  writers such as  Bin Xin, Lu *, Lin Shuhua, Ding Ling ,to be succeeded by more refined and sophisticated novelists like Wang Anyi and Tielin who all share a common goal: to write and define the essence of being Chinese women and further the grand cause of political, economic, personal, and social equality of sexes in China This includes seeking to establish educational and professional opportunities for women that are equal to such opportunities for men.

    不同的社会历史阶段，决定着女性意识发展的不同层次和历史内容。在21世纪的当下，在全球化深化发展的今天，女性自主意识进入到了一个全新的阶段。在时代发展背景下，女性已走出了性别的局限，在社会、职场、商场、婚恋、家庭当中的独立自主意识日益明显。与此同时，当下也涌出了大量以描写女性恋爱、婚姻、家庭、职场、商战的文学作品，并得到了广大女性读者的喜爱。这说明，在女性日益强大的今天，全球女性意识的日益觉醒和重建，也同时在重绘具有时代特色的文学疆域。

    The feminist advocacy varies from age to age, country to country and in the era of globalization women mostly come into their own ,being fully autonomous and independent in workplace, family, dating out and wedding. Literature of similar tone of mind and thought has boomed and won favor especially with women readers, an indication that the traditional domain of literature has been substantially expanded.

    而时代的飞速发展，也为当下的年轻人带来了前所未有的迷惘和困惑，比如他们在恋爱和婚姻中遇到了这个时代才有的问题。在我这几年的创作中，我常反思：身为一名致力于两性情感研究和女性身心灵身长的作家，当下，该如何在作品中运用女性意识帮助读者身心灵的成长？如何让她们领悟当下关于“爱”的深义？如何让她们成长为更好的自己，收获更多的幸福？

    A  young woman writer myself, it comes natural for me to identify problems besetting my fellow sisters in career, dating and marriage and my writing aims to understand the nature of gender inequality by examining women's social roles and lived experience; I should be deemed socially committed as I do hope to help my generation one way or another in fostering their feminist sensibility and caring about their spiritual growth. They do need assistance in mastering the challenges of work, career and intimacy to be their better selves.

    身为新时代的作家，我以知心姐姐和闺中密友的角度来感同身受读者的缺失和渴求，给他们力量和温暖。而当下女性意识日益强烈的疆域里，文学让这片疆域广袤无边，也让人与人之间心灵的距离越来越近。相信会有越来越多的文学作品，将引领人们的心灵穿越有形与无形的疆域，在恒古不变的人类主题“生与死”、“爱与美”中反思过去，预见未来，并为这片疆域赋予更多的智慧与力量！

    What is the true purpose in life in an increasingly superficial and mechanical world? What do women really want? What makes a good lover and a truly successful professional in the same time? These are issues that confront both women and women writers. I deem it obligatory to offer some tentative answers by unraveling the mystery of relationships and aiding my readers on their journey to fulfill their true purpose and to be authentically feminine.

    translated by Hunter(huang shaozheng)independent translator